PRESERVATION OF MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY AND UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE IN MALAYSIA: A REVIEW (PEMELIHARAAN ARKEOLOGI MARITIM DAN WARISAN BUDAYA BAWAH AIR DI MALAYSIA: SEBUAH ULASAN)

Nik Nurhalida Nik Hariry, Nor Aeini Haji Mokhtar

Abstract


Abstract 

Maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage are crucial for revealing a valuable collection of historical, and cultural importance submerged beneath Malaysia’s coastal waters. This paper comprehensively reviews the preservation efforts concerning Malaysia’s maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage. Malaysia has a vast coastline and a significant historical background in the maritime trade, resulting in a wide range of submerged archaeological sites dating back several centuries. Furthermore, the paper discusses the terms of maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage, the element of the term underwater cultural heritage, the law in Malaysia related to underwater cultural heritage, and the process of excavation of shipwrecks also artifacts in Malaysia's Waters. This review seeks to educate policymakers, academicians, researchers, and heritage practitioners about the significance of conserving Malaysia’s maritime archaeology and underwater cultural heritage by combining the existing research and practical experiences. It promotes increased awareness, funding, and coordinated actions to protect these invaluable connections to Malaysia’s maritime history for future generations.

  

Keywords: Maritime archaeology, underwater cultural heritage, shipwrecks, national heritage

 

Abstrak 

Arkeologi maritim dan warisan kebudayaan bawah air adalah penting untuk mendedahkan koleksi berharga dan bernilai sejarah, serta mempunyai kepentingan budaya yang tenggelam di bawah perairan Malaysia. Makalah ini mengkaji secara menyeluruh usaha pemeliharaan berkaitan arkeologi maritim Malaysia dan warisan kebudayaan bawah air. Malaysia mempunyai garis pantai yang luas dan latar belakang sejarah yang ketara dalam perdagangan maritim, menghasilkan pelbagai tapak arkeologi yang tenggelam sejak beberapa abad lalu. Tambahan pula, makalah membincangkan terma arkeologi maritim dan warisan kebudayaan bawah air, unsur istilah warisan kebudayaan bawah air, undang-undang di Malaysia berkaitan warisan kebudayaan bawah air dan proses penggalian bangkai kapal juga artifak di Perairan Malaysia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendidik penggubal dasar, ahli akademik, penyelidik dan pengamal warisan tentang kepentingan memulihara arkeologi maritim dan warisan kebudayaan bawah air Malaysia dengan menggabungkan penyelidikan dan pengalaman praktikal sedia ada. Ia menggalakkan peningkatan kesedaran, pembiayaan dan tindakan yang diselaraskan untuk melindungi hubungan yang tidak ternilai ini dengan sejarah maritim Malaysia untuk generasi akan datang.

  

Kata kunci: Arkeologi maritim, warisan kebudayaan bawah air, bangkai kapal, artifak, warisan negara


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