TEMBIKAR MAMBONG DI SUNGAI GALAS, KELANTAN: SATU PENELITIAN TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI TRADISIONAL BERDASARKAN ANALISIS TEKS DAN ANALISIS MAKMAL (MAMBONG POTTERY IN SUNGAI GALAS, KELANTAN: A STUDY ON TRADITIONAL TECHNOLOGY BASED ON TEXT AND LABORATORY ANALYSES)
Abstract
Abstrak
Perusahaan tembikar secara tradisional di Kelantan dipercayai telah wujud lebih 170 tahun yang lepas di Kampung Mambong iaitu sebuah penempatan Melayu yang terletak di Sungai Galas, daerah Kuala Krai. Tinjauan literatur menunjukkan bahawa kajian-kajian terdahulu tentang tembikar Mambong sering kali mencampur-adukkan perbincangan antara pembuatan tembikar tradisional dan tembikar moden sehingga menyebabkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan penyelidik atau pembaca. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini membincangkan secara mendalam tentang teknologi tradisional yang digunakan untuk membuat tembikar di Kampung Mambong. Metodologi kajian ini berlandaskan pada dua kaedah iaitu analisis teks dan analisis makmal. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat beberapa teknik dan peralatan digunakan secara turun-temurun oleh pembuat tembikar Mambong untuk membuat tembikar tradisional. Tiga teknik utama yang digunakan adalah teknik cubit dan picit, teknik lingkaran dan teknik cantuman. Peralatan membuat tembikar pula terdiri daripada alat pemukul kayu, batu sungai dan beberapa alat buluh yang digunakan khasnya untuk mengemas dan menghias tembikar. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini telah menyajikan satu diskusi yang jelas dan sistematik tentang tradisi dan teknologi awal yang digunakan untuk membuat tembikar tradisional di Kampung Mambong. Usaha-usaha bagi memelihara tradisi tembikar Mambong harus diambil segera agar warisan budaya ini terus kekal lestari dan menjadi ikon kebanggaan bukan sahaja bagi rakyat Kelantan bahkan seluruh rakyat Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Tembikar Mambong, Kelantan, teknologi, tradisi, lestari
Abstract
The traditional pottery production in Kelantan is believed to have existed more than 170 years ago at Kampung Mambong, a Malay settlement located in Sungai Galas, Kuala Krai District. Literature sources show that previous studies on Mambong pottery often contain mixed discussions of traditional and modern pottery-making, thus leading to confusion among scholars or readers. Therefore, this study will discuss in detail the traditional technology used to manufacture pottery at Kampung Mambong. The methodology used in this study involves two techniques that are text analysis and laboratory analysis. The results of the study showed that there are several techniques and tools used by the Mambong potters for generations to manufacture traditional pottery. The three main techniques were hand-moulding, coiling and joining. The pottery-making tools include wooden beaters, pebble stones and several other tools made of bamboo which are customarily used to refine and decorate the pottery. Overall, this study has provided a detailed and systematic discourse on the tradition and earliest technology used in the manufacturing of traditional pottery at Kampung Mambong. Efforts to preserve the Mambong pottery tradition should be taken immediately so than this cultural heritage remains sustainable and becomes an icon of pride not only for the people of Kelantan but for Malaysians as a whole.
Keywords: Traditional pottery, Kelantan State Museum, morphological analysis
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