TAPAK PALEOLITIK BUKIT BUNUH, LENGGONG, PERAK: ISU DAN MASALAH DALAM PENTARIKHAN (BUKIT BUNUH, LENGGONG, PERAK PALEOLITHIC SITE: ISSUES AND PROBLEMS IN DATING)

Nurul Syuhada Saad, Mokhtar Saidin, Nor Khairunnisa Talib, Shyeh Sahibul Karamah Masnan

Abstract


Abstrak 

Bukit Bunuh telah ditemui melalui projek khas pemetaan tapak-tapak arkeologi baru dan paleoalam di sekitar kawasan Lenggong pada tahun 2001. Bukit Bunuh merupakan tapak Paleolitik terbuka yang keluasannya mencapai 3 km2. Pentarikhan di Bukit Bunuh melibatkan dua kajian utama iaitu arkeologi dan geologi. Pentarikhan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan kaedah kronometrik seperti OSL, FT, ESR, K-Ar, U-Pb dan 40Ar-39Ar. Pentarikhan OSL dilakukan di dalam kajian arkeologi di Bukit Bunuh yang mana telah memberikan usia 490,000-500,000; 270,000-320,000; 40,000 dan 30,000 tahun dahulu. Teknik pentarikhan ini dilakukan pada lapisan kebudayaan in-situ di dalam petak ekskavasi yang telah berlangsung pada tahun 2001, 2003, 2008 dan 2010. Namun menurut kajian julat usia untuk teknik pentarikhan OSL adalah sekitar 450,000 tahun dahulu. Pentarikhan untuk kajian geologi pula telah dilakukan terhadap batuan impaktit di Bukit Bunuh untuk menentukan usia impak meteorit yang telah berlaku di kawasan tersebut. Pentarikhan melalui kaedah FT terhadap alat batu dalam batuan suevit memberikan tarikh sekitar 1.83 juta tahun dahulu. Namun begitu, beberapa kaedah lain yang digunakan seperti ESR, K-Ar, U-Pb dan 40Ar-39Ar telah memberikan usia yang berbeza dan jauh lebih tua iaitu sekitar ~305 hingga 1.34 juta tahun dahulu yang mana menunjukkan usia batuan dasar di kawasan kajian seperti usia batuan granit Trias. Namun jumpaan alat batu dalam suevit telah mencadangkan bahawa usia impak meteorit yang berlaku di Bukit Bunuh tidak berkemungkinan lebih tua daripada zaman Kuaterner. Maka makalah ini, akan mengupas isu dan masalah yang berlaku dalam kajian pentarikhan terutama bagi julat usia berkesan teknik pentarikhan yang digunakan di samping kekangan yang dihadapi oleh teknik pentarikhan tersebut. Pentarikhan yang berjaya dilakukan akan mengisi rompong usia dan memberikan sumbangan dalam kronologi prasejarah di Kompleks Paleolitik Bukit Bunuh. 

Kata kunci: Bukit Bunuh, Paleolitik, pentarikhan, suevit, meteorit

 

Abstract 

Bukit Bunuh was discovered through a special project for mapping the new archaeological and paleoenvironmental sites around the Lenggong area in 2001. Bukit Bunuh is an open Paleolithic site with 3 km2. Dating at Bukit Bunuh involves two main studies which are archeology and geology. This dating is done using chronometric methods such as OSL, FT, ESR, K-Ar, U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar. OSL dating was done in an archaeological study at Bukit Bunuh which gave an age of 490,000-500,000; 270,000-320,000; 40,000 dan 30,000 years ago. This dating technique was performed on the in-situ cultural layer in the excavation trench that took place in 2001, 2003, 2008 and 2010. However, according to studies the age range for the OSL dating technique is around 450,000 years ago. Dating for geological studies has been done on the impact rocks in Bukit Bunuh to determine the age of the meteorite impact that has occurred in the area. Dating via the FT method of stone tools in suevite rocks gives a date of about 1.83 million years ago. However, some other methods used such as ESR, K-Ar, U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar have given a different age and much older which is around ~ 305 to 1.34 million years ago which shows the age of bedrock in the study area such as Triassic Granite rock. Yet the findings of stone tools in the suevit have suggested that the age of the meteorite impact that occurred at Bukit Bunuh is unlikely to be older than the Quaternary period. Therefore, this paper will examine the issues and problems that occur in the study of dating, especially for the effective age range of the dating technique used in addition to the constraints faced by the dating technique. The successful dating will fill the age gap and contribute to the prehistoric chronology of the Bukit Bunuh Paleolithic Complex. 

Keywords: Bukit Bunuh, Paleolithic, dating, suevite, meteorite


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