RAGAM HIAS TEMBIKAR PRASEJARAH DAN TEMBIKAR TRADISIONAL DARI SEMPORNA, SABAH: SATU KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN PREHISTORIC AND TRADITIONAL POTTERY DESIGNS FROM SEMPORNA, SABAH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Suresh Narayanen, Nasha Rodziadi Khaw, Norziyanti Mohammed Ghani

Abstract


Abstrak 

Artikel ini membincangkan tentang hasil kajian perbandingan yang dijalankan ke atas tembikar prasejarah dan tembikar tradisional dari wilayah Semporna di pantai timur Sabah. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk melihat persamaan dan perbezaan ragam hias corak antara tembikar Bukit Tengkorak berusia 3,000 tahun yang dahulu dan tembikar tradisional yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat Bajau Semporna. Metodologi kajian ini terdiri daripada kaedah analisis teks dan analisis morfologi corak. Analisis teks merujuk kepada tinjauan literatur yang dilakukan terhadap pelbagai sumber bacaan seperti buku, artikel dan jurnal yang berkaitan dengan tajuk dan skop kajian manakala analisis morfologi corak merupakan satu kaedah analisis makmal yang dilakukan untuk meneliti kepelbagaian ragam hias yang terdapat pada tembikar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahawa ragam hias corak tembikar Bukit Tengkorak terdiri daripada enam kategori utama manakala tembikar Bajau dapat dikelaskan kepada lima kategori. Setiap kategori ini terdiri daripada beberapa jenis corak dan majoritinya adalah corak geometri. Turut ditemui corak yang tidak bersimetri seperti corak garis berturis, corak simbol U, tekanan kuku jari dan tekanan ibu jari. Berdasarkan analisis yang dijalankan boleh disimpulkan bahawa tembikar Bukit Tengkorak dan tembikar Bajau berkongsi ragam hias corak yang sama kecuali beberapa jenis corak seperti corak bertanda tali, berpetak dan bersalut merah yang hanya dijumpai pada tembikar Bukit Tengkorak. Pada hari ini, corak tembikar Bukit Tengkorak tidak digunakan untuk menghiasi tembikar Bajau kerana tidak diminati oleh generasi muda termasuk pelancong dan penduduk Semporna yang lebih berminat dengan corak moden yang bermotifkan flora, nombor dan nama pembeli untuk diukir pada tembikar tradisional Bajau.

Kata kunci: Tembikar prasejarah, tembikar Bajau, Semporna, corak, kajian perbandingan

 

Abstract 

This article presents the results of a comparative study conducted on prehistory and traditional potteries from the Semporna region in the east coast of Sabah. The aim of this study was to determine the similarities and differences in decoration between the 3,000-year-old Bukit Tengkorak pottery and the Semporna Bajau traditional pottery. The methodology used in this study involves text and design morphological analyses. Text analysis is the process of reviewing the literature from a variety of sources including books, articles and journals that are related to the title and scope of the study while morphological design analysis is a laboratory analytical approach used to determine the types of decoration on pottery. The findings of the study showed that the Bukit Tengkorak pottery designs can be grouped into six main categories while the Bajau pottery can be classified into five main categories. Each of this category consists of several designs and many of them are in the form of geometry. Also found were a few non-symmetrical designs such as incised lines, U-shaped design as well as fingernail and fingertip impression patterns. It can be concluded that, based on the analysis, both the Bukit Tengkorak and the Bajau pottery share similar designs except for the red-slipped, cord-marked and checked patterns, which only found on Bukit Tengkorak pottery. At present, the Bukit Tengkorak pottery designs are no longer used to decorate the Bajau pottery because the younger generation including tourists and locals in Semporna prefers modern designs such as floral motifs, numbers and the owner’s names to be carved on the Bajau traditional pottery. 

Keywords: Prehistory pottery, Bajau pottery, Semporna, design, comparative study


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