GENDANG GANGSA DI ASIA TENGGARA DAN CHINA BERDASARKAN KLASIFIKASI FRANZ HEGER BRONZE DRUM IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND CHINA BASED ON FRANZ HEGER CLASSIFICATION

Adnan Jusoh

Abstract


Abstrak 

Artikel ini menfokuskan kepada sejenis artifak yang penting peninggalan masyarakat Zaman Logam iaitu gendang gangsa. Objek ini ditemui di beberapa buah lokasi di Asia Tenggara dan China. Objektif penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk membincangkan kepentingan dan ciri-ciri klasifikasi gendang gangsa yang diperkenalkan oleh Franz Heger pada tahun 1902. Klasifikasi gendang gangsa amat penting khususnya untuk memudahkan pemahaman orang awam mengenai objek ini disebabkan oleh jumlah penemuannya yang banyak dan pelbagai saiz serta rupa bentuk. Keadaan ini menyukarkan orang awam untuk mengetahui status gendang gangsa secara mendalam sama ada daripada aspek asal usulnya, kelompok etnik atau masyarakat pengamal, penyebaran, lokasi jumpaan, motif hiasan dan sebagainya. Selain menggunakan kaedah kepustakaan, kaedah tipologi juga diaplikasikan untuk menyelesaikan penulisan artikel ini. Berdasarkan klasifikasi yang diperkenalkan oleh Franz Heger didapati sebanyak empat (4) jenis klasifikasi iaitu gendang gangsa Heger I, Heger II, Heger III dan Heger IV. Di samping itu, beliau juga mengklasifikasikan gendang gangsa yang ditemui di Dongson (Vietnam) sebagai gendang Heger I atau gendang gangsa yang terawal. Walaupun selepas klasifikasi yang diperkenalkan oleh Franz Heger masih terdapat beberapa jenis klasifikasi gendang gangsa lagi namun secara umumnya klasifikasi beliau masih dirujuk dan relevan.

Kata kunci: Zaman Logam, klasifikasi, Franz Heger, gendang gangsa, gendang Dongson

 

Abstract 

This article focuses on an important artifact left by the Metal Age community, namely the bronze drum. This object is found in several locations in Southeast Asia and China. The objective of writing this article is to discuss the importance and characteristics of the classification of bronze drums introduced by Franz Heger in 1902. The classification of bronze drums is especially important to facilitate public understanding of this object due to its large number of discoveries and various sizes and shapes. This situation makes it difficult for the public to know the status of bronze drums in-depth whether from the aspect of its origin, ethnic group or community of practitioners, dissemination, meeting location, decorative motifs, and so on. In addition to using the library method, the typology method is also applied to complete the writing of this article. Based on the classification introduced by Franz Heger, there are four (4) types of classification, namely Heger I, Heger II, Heger III, and Heger IV bronze drums. Also, he classified the bronze drums found in Dongson (Vietnam) as Heger I drums or the earliest bronze drums. Even after the classification introduced by Franz Heger, there are still some types of bronze drum classification but in general, his classification is still referenced and relevant. 

Keywords: Metal Age, classification, Franz Heger, bronze drum, Dongson drum 

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References


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