KEPELBAGAIAN JENIS SERAMIK DI TAPAK CANDI KAMPUNG BARU, KOTA KUALA MUDA, KEDAH (EKSKAVASI FASA 2) (VARIETY OF CERAMICS IN CANDI KAMPUNG BARU SITE, KOTA KUALA MUDA, KEDAH (PHASE 2 EXCAVATION)

Abstract

Abstrak

Candi Kampung Baru, Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah merupakan tapak arkeologi yang dijumpai pada tahun 2010 dan terletak di tebing Sungai Muda dan jaraknya dari Kota Kuala Muda lebih kurang 2 km. Lembangan Sungai Muda terkenal sebagai pusat pemerintahan, pelabuhan entrepot dan pusat perkembangan kerajaan Kedah Tua pada abad ke-2 hingga ke-14 Masihi yang berpusat di Sungai Mas. Hasil ekskavasi yang telah dijalankan pada tahun 2016 menunjukkan bahawa tapak Candi Kampung Baru mempunyai banyak tinggalan seramik asing contohnya, seramik dari China, Parsi dan Asia Tenggara. Terdapat kira-kira 700 pecahan seramik asing dijumpai di tapak tersebut semasa ekskavasi Fasa 2. Jumlah seramik asing yang dijumpai semasa Fasa 2 hampir sama dengan jumlah seramik asing yang dijumpai pada Fasa 1. Semua seramik asing yang dijumpai adalah dalam bentuk pecahan dan tidak dijumpai seramik asing yang lengkap. Jumpaan seramik asing di tapak arkeologi sangat penting kerana dapat memberitahu tentang tarikh dan maklumat penting mengenai tapak yang berasosiasi dengan seramik asing tersebut. Seramik China yang banyak dijumpai di tapak tersebut semasa ekskavasi Fasa 2 adalah dari zaman Dinasti Tang (618-906 Masihi), Dinasti Song (960-1279 Masihi) dan Dinasti Yuan (1271-1368 Masihi). Seramik China tersebut dihasilkan di Fujian, Guangdong dan Hebei, China. Seramik Parsi juga dijumpai dan pentarikhannya adalah dari abad ke-8 hingga ke-10 Masihi. Seramik asing yang bertarikh abad ke-10 hingga ke-14 Masihi merupakan paling banyak ditemui di tapak tersebut berdasarkan hasil ekskavasi yang telah dijalankan di tapak Candi Kampung Baru, Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah.

Kata kunci: Seramik China, Kedah Tua, entrepot, seramik Parsi.

Abstract

Candi Kampung Baru, Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah is an archeological site which had been found in 2010. This site is situated in the bank of Muda River and the distance between the site and the center of Kota Kuala Muda is about 2 km. The Muda River basin is famous as a center of government, entrepot and development of Kedah Tua kingdom from 2^nd to 14^th century and this center had its core area in Sungai Mas. Results of excavations that have been done in 2016 have shown that Candi Kampung Baru site has a lot of shard of foreign ceramics, for example Chinese ceramics, Persian ceramics and Southeast Asian ceramics. About 700 pieces of foreign ceramics shard was found in the site when the excavation phase 2 had been carried out. The total number of the shard is almost the same with phase 1. All ceramics which had been found in the site were shard and there is no ceramic which remains complete shape. Finding foreign ceramics in the archeological site is very important because these ceramics can tell us the date and important information about the site which is associated with these foreign ceramics. Most of Chinese ceramics which had been found in the excavation phase 2 were from Tang Dynasty (A.D.618-906), Song Dynasty (A.D.960-1279) and Yuan Dynasty (A.D.1271-1368). These ceramics perhaps come from Fujian, Guangdong and Hebei, China. Persian ceramics also had been found in the site and the date of these ceramics may be about 8^th to 10^th century. Ceramic which is dated 10^th to 14^th century is the most common ceramic in the site based on results of the excavation which had been carried out in the Candi Kampung Baru, Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah.

Keywords: Chinese ceramic, Kedah Tua, entrepot, Persian ceramic