KUBUR KEPINGAN BATU DI LEMBAH BERNAM (SLAB GRAVE IN BERNAM VALLEY)
Abstract
Abstrak
Kubur kepingan batu merupakan antara tinggalan masyarakat prasejarah Zaman Logam yang agak unik di Malaysia kerana taburan penemuannya hanya boleh dilihat di utara Selangor dan selatan Perak sahaja. Antara pengkaji yang meneliti kebudayaan ini adalah seperti I.H.N Evans, H.D. Collings, P.V.S. Callenfels, Leong Sau Heng dan Yunus Sauman. Berdasarkan pentarikhan mutlak yang telah dilakukan terhadap tapak kubur kepingan batu ini mendapati bahawa tapak-tapak ini telah dihuni sejak seawal 300 SM sehinggalah 700 M. Antara artifak yang ditemui sewaktu kajian arkeologi dilakukan adalah seperti kepingan batuan granit yang dijadikan seperti keranda, serpihan tembikar tanah, manik karnelian berbentuk spherical, batu pemukul kulit kayu, serpihan gangsa yang mempunyai pola hias, alat batu, bilah mata pisau, mata lembing, kapak bersoket, mata tombak bersoket, damar terbakar yang menjadi kemenyan dan juga seramik zaman Tang. Makalah ini melihat semula kajian-kajian lampau yang telah dilakukan oleh pengkaji awal bagi melihat peranan masyarakat yang mengamalkan kebudayaan kubur kepingan batu yang telah mengisi data dan maklumat sejarah dalam Semenanjung Malaysia. Masih banyak kajian terhadap kubur kepingan batu yang boleh dilakukan oleh pengkaji-pengkaji kini atau akan dating supaya dapat memberi kepastian terhadap beberapa maklumat yang masih kabur dan perlu didapatkan kepastian.
Kata Kunci: Kubur kepingan batu; Lembah Bernam; prasejarah; artifak
Abstract
The stone slab graves are among the unique remnants of the prehistoric Metal Age society in Malaysia, as their distribution can only be found in northern Selangor and southern Perak. Notable researchers who have studied this culture include I.H.N Evans, H.D. Collings, P.V.S. Callenfels, Leong Sau Heng, and Yunus Sauman. Based on absolute dating conducted on these stone slab burial sites, it has been found that these sites were inhabited as early as 300 BCE and continued until 700 CE. Artifacts discovered during archaeological studies include granite slabs used as coffins, fragments of earthenware pottery, spherical carnelian beads, wooden pestles, fragments of bronze with decorative patterns, stone tools, blades, spearheads, socketed axes, socketed spear points, burnt resin used as incense, and Tang dynasty ceramics. This paper revisits previous studies conducted by early researchers to examine the role of the society practicing the stone slab burial culture, which has contributed historical data and information about Peninsular Malaysia. There is still much research on stone slab graves that can be undertaken by current and future researchers to clarify several pieces of information that remain ambiguous and require confirmation.
Keywords: Slab grave, Bernam Valley, prehistoric, artifacts
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bellwood, P. 1985. Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago. Sydney: ANU Publication.
Braddell, Roland. 1939. Notes on ancient times in Malaya. JMBRAS 20(1): 161-186.
Braddell, Roland. 1947. An introduction of the study of ancient times in the Malay Peninsula and the Straits of Malacca. JMBRAS 17(1): 147-148.
Collings, H.D. 1937. Recent findsof Iron Age sites in southern Perak and Selangor, Federated Malay States. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum B1(2): 75-93.
Douglas, F.W. 1937. Further notes upon a study of ancient times in the Malay peninsula. JMBRAS 15(1): 25-26.
Douglas, F.W. 1938. Malay place names of Hindu origin. JMBRAS 16(1): 150-152.
Douglas, F.W. 1949. Notes on the historical geography of Malaya and sidelights on the Malay Annals.
Evans, I.H.N. 1928. On slab built graves in Perak. JFMSM 12(5): 111-119.
Leong Sau Heng. 1991. Kubur kepingan dan alat batu bersoket: satu perbincangan kronologi. Jurnal Arkeologi Malaysia 4: 103-115.
Leong Sau Heng. 1993. Recents finds of more slab graves ini Bernam Valley Peninsular Malaysia. Kertas kerja dalam SEAMEO-SPAFA Workshop on Current Developments in Southeast Asia Archaeology. Bangkok, Thailand. 8-14 Mac.
Leong Sau Heng. 2000. The chronology of the Bernam cist graves in Peninsula Malaysia. BIPPA 19: 65-72
Linehan, W. 1930. Notes on some further discoveries in Pahang. JMBRAS 8(2).
Loewenstein, J. 1956. The origin of the Malayan Metal Age. JMBRAS 29(2):7-78.
Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman. 1999. Arkeologi Pra-IslamPesisir Selat Melaka: Evolusi atau Migrasi? Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Noone, H.D. 1928. On slab built graves in Perak. Journal of the Federation Malay States Museum 12.
Noone, H.D. 1939. The Penarikan and Bernam landroutes. JMBRAS 17(1): 144-145.
Peacock, B.A.V. 1964. Recent archaeological discoveries in Malaysia 1962-1963. JMBRAS 37(2): 258-260.
Quaritch-Wales, H.G. 1940. Archaeological research on ancient Indian colonization in Malaya. JMBRAS 18(1): 56-57.
Sieveking, G. de G. 1956. The Iron Age collection of Malaya. JMBRAS 29(2).
Wilkinson, R.J. 1939. The Bernam slab-graves. JMBRAS 17(1): 97-98.
Winstedt, R.O. 1941. Slab-graves and iron implements. JMBRAS 19(1): 97-98.
Yunus Sauman Sabin, Wan Noorlizawati Wan Mat Ali, Adnan Jusoh & Zuliskandar Ramli. 2011. Tradisi pengebumian kubur kepingan batu di Lembah Bernam. Dlm. Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdul Rahman (ed.). Perak Warisan Arkeologi, hlm. 109-129. Kuala Lumpur: Ikatan Ahli Arkeologi Malaysia.
Zuliskandar Ramli & Nik Hassan Shuhaimi nik Abdul Rahman. 2009. Beads trade in Peninsula Malaysia: based on archaeological evidences. European Journal of Social Sciences 10(4): 585-593.
Zuliskandar Ramli & Yunus Sauman. 2018. Cara pengebumian pada zaman prasejarah. Dlm. Nik Hassan Shuhaimi Nik Abd. Rahman & Zuliskandar Ramli (ed.). Prasejarah dan Protosejarah Tanah Melayu, hlm. 174-213. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
IKATAN AHLI ARKEOLOGI MALAYSIA
d/a Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Tel: +60 3 8921 5280