SEJARAH PENYELIDIKAN DAN PENEMUAN GENDANG GANGSA DI THAILAND (HISTORICAL RESEARCH ON THE FINDINGS OF BRONZE DRUM IN THAILAND)

Adnan Jusoh

Abstract


Abstrak 

Artikel ini memfokuskan tentang gendang gangsa iaitu sejenis objek tinggalan kebudayaan masyarakat zaman Logam di Thailand.  Objek yang diperbuat daripada beberapa komponen logam ini ditemui di beberapa lokasi di Asia Tenggara dan China. Selain fungsinya yang pelbagai guna, rupa bentuk objek ini juga unik dan dihiasi dengan motif hiasan yang tersendiri. Objektif artikel ini adalah untuk membincangkan perkembangan sejarah penyelidikan dan penemuan gendang gangsa di negara Thailand sehingga tahun 2020. Ini adalah disebabkan maklumat tentang gendang gangsa di Thailand kurang diketahui khususnya dalam kalangan orang awam disebabkan kekurangan maklumat. Dalam usaha untuk menyiapkan tulisan ini, kajian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan menelaah sejumlah buku dan artikel yang berkaitan dengan gendang gangsa di Asia Tenggara dan China. Hasil kajian mendapati beberapa kumpulan etnik di Thailand pernah dan masih mengamalkan tradisi penggunaan gendang gangsa dalam sosio-budaya mereka dan dipercayai ia bermula semenjak kemunculan dan penyebaran kebudayaan Dongson lagi. Hubungan yang erat antara masyarakat Thailand dengan beberapa kumpulan etnik di perbatasan Thailand dengan negara jiran menyebabkan objek ini mudah tersebar dan diamalkan secara bersama. Hasil kajian juga mendapati penemuan gendang gangsa di Thailand melibatkan semua klasifikasi seperti yang diperkenalkan oleh Franz Heger sejak 1902, namun demikian majoritinya adalah gendang gangsa daripada jenis Heger I dan Heger III. Secara keseluruhannya, penemuan gendang gangsa di Thailand amat penting dalam menjelaskan tradisi penggunaan gendang gangsa dalam kalangan masyarakat di Thailand semenjak ratusan tahun dahulu sehingga kini. 

Kata kunci: Zaman Logam, motif, fungsi, sosiobudaya, gendang gangsa

 

Abstract 

This article focuses on the finding of the bronze drum, an object originated from the Bronze Age in Thailand. Other than Thailand, the bronze drums were found in a few locations in South East Asia and China, with a variety of usage, local designs, motives and variations. The objective of this article is to highlight the development of historical research and findings of the bronze drum in Thailand until 2020. This is because the information on the bronze drum in Thailand, by the public, is limited due to the lack of information. In the effort to complete this essay, library research and references are done especially with an in-depth study from a number of relevant books and articles on the bronze drum in South East Asia and China. The research shows that the Thai society adopts a tradition on the usage of the bronze drum in their society that is believed to begin and spread during the emergence of the Dongson culture. The close relations between the Thai societies with various ethnic groups at the Thailand border with its neighbors resulted in the easy spread of the object as the objects were commonly used by all ethnic groups. The findings of bronze drum in Thailand also involved all classifications as introduced by Franz Heger in 1902, however, the majority are of Heger I and Heger III type. In conclusion, the findings of the bronze drum in Thailand are important to explain the usage of the bronze drum in the Thai society hundreds of years ago until the present time. 

Keywords: Metal Age, motiff, function, socioculture, bronze drum


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References


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