PENYELIDIKAN ARKEOLOGI BAWAH AIR DI SEMENANJUNG MALAYSIA (1902-2015) (UNDERWATER ARCHEOLOGY RESEARCH IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA (1902-2015))

Zainuddin Baco, Stephen Chia

Abstract


Penyelidikan arkeologi bawah air di Semenanjung Malaysia telah menjangkau usia lebih daripada satu abad, suatu jangka masa yang sepatutnya memperlihatkan bidang ini telah kukuh daripada segi penyelidikan, teknologi dan hasil kajiannya. Walau bagaimanapun, jika diteliti bidang penyelidikan arkeologi bawah air tidak berkembang dengan seharusnya kerana bidang ini sering didominasi oleh para penjarah harta karam dan syarikat salvaj komersil. Tidak dinafikan bahawa Malaysia turut sebagaimana negara lain yang tidak terlepas dengan pelbagai isu dan masalah asas dalam memajukan bidang ini. Namun, alternatif mengunakan syarikat salvaj komersil dalam membangunkan dan menjalankan penyelidikan dengan menggunakan konsep pembahagian konsesi seharusnya menjadi pilihan yang terakhir. Oleh itu, artikal ini akan mengetengahkan sejarah penyelidikan tapak arkeologi bawah air di Semenanjung Malaysia menerusi tiga fasa tertentu iaitu fasa sebelum kemerdekaan (sehingga 1980), fasa JMA (1980-2005) dan fasa JWN (2006-2019). Perihal setiap fasa adalah selaras dengan kaedah dan dasar pengurusan oleh pihak berkepentingan.

Kata kunci: Penyelidikan arkeologi bawah air, warisan kebudayaan bawah air

 

Underwater archaeological research in Peninsular Malaysia has spanned more than a century, a period that is supposed to show that the field has been solid in terms of its research, technology and research findings. However, the area of underwater archaeological research has not grown properly as it is often dominated by commercial salvage experts and treasure hunter. It is undeniable that Malaysia is like any other country that has not been exposed to various issues and fundamental problems in developing this field. However, the alternative of using a commercial salvage company in developing and conducting research using the concept of concession distribution should be the last choice. Thus, this article will highlight the history of archaeological research in Peninsular Malaysia through three distinct phases, namely the pre-independence phase (up to 1980), the JMA phase (1980-2005) and the JWN phase (2006-2019). Each of these phases is in accordance with stakeholder management methods and policies.

Keywords: Underwater archaeological research, underwater cultural heritage management


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References


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